45th Canadian Federal Election

The 45th Canadian federal election will take place on or before 20 October 2025 to elect members of the House of Commons to the 45th Canadian Parliament. The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the ''Canada Elections Act'', which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election, although the ''Constitution Act, 1867'', is the governing legislation and requires elections no further apart than every five years.

Since the incumbent government is a minority government, the election may occur before the scheduled date if the governor general of Canada dissolves Parliament on the recommendation of the prime minister of Canada for a snap election, for example after the House of Commons passes a motion of no confidence in the government.

Background

The 2021 Canadian federal election, held on 20 September that year, resulted in the incumbent Liberal Party of Canada, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, retaining government and their minority status parliament, whilst also picking up five more seats than they had at dissolution. On 27 September 2021, Annamie Paul announced that she was resigning as the Green Party of Canada leader; on 10 November 2021, she stated she had formally resigned and left the Green Party.

The Constitution Act, 1867, requires that federal electoral districts undergo a redistribution of seats following each decennial Canadian census. The 2022 redistribution began in October 2021, and is expected to be completed in September 2023. On 15 October 2021, the Chief Electoral Officer announced that allocation would result in an increase to 342 seats. Notwithstanding this, Parliament retains the power to modify the redistricting process as occurred in the last redistribution.

Parties and standings

The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2021 federal election and their current standings. Kevin Vuong was elected as a Liberal on the ballot, despite being disavowed during the campaign, and sits as an independent.

Timeline

2021

*27 September – Annamie Paul announced that she was beginning the process of resigning as leader of the Green Party.
*10 November – Paul formally submitted her resignation, and ended her membership in the party. The Green Party accepted her resignation a few days later.
*15 November – Senator Denise Batters launched a petition to review the leadership of Erin O'Toole. Party president Robert Batherson decided the petition was not in order. The following day, Batters was removed from the conservative caucus.
*24 November – Amita Kuttner was appointed as Green Party interim leader.
*5 December – The People's Party concluded its leadership review of Maxime Bernier. He was confirmed and continued as leader.

2022

*2 February – Erin O'Toole was removed as the leader of the Conservative Party, by a caucus vote. Candice Bergen selected by the party caucus to serve as interim leader.
*22 March – Liberal Party and the NDP reach a confidence and supply agreement lasting until June, 2025.
*24 May – The Next Green Party of Canada leadership election must begin by this day, pursuant to the party's constitution.
*10 September – The 2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election concludes. The new leader of the Conservative Party of Canada is announced.

2023

*24 November - The Next Green Party of Canada leadership election must conclude by this day, pursuant to the party's constitution.

Opinion polls

Notes

References

{{Canelections

Federal, 45
2025